有些句子的意思,尤其是一些惯用句子的意思,我们是不能单从字面来理解的。下面就是一些常见的容易引起误解的句子: 1. He is the last person to do such a thing. 他决不会干这种事。 She is the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner. 她是我在宴席上不愿意与之相邻就座的女子。 That's the last thing I should expect him to do. 那是我不可能指望他去做的事情。 注:“ the last + 名词 + 不定式或定语从句”中的 last 作“least likely / suitable/ willing/ desirable”解,即常常将 last 译为“不可能的;不合适的;不愿意的;不希望的”,而不作“后的”解。 2. We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. (=We cannot estimate the value of modern science much enough. = It is impossible to estimate the value of modern science too much/ much enough.) 无论怎么重视现代科学的价值都不为过分。 We cannot be too careful in doing experiments. (= We cannot be careful enough in doing experiments.) 我们做实验时无论怎样小心都不过分。 注:“ cannot/ could not…… too + 形容词或副词 = cannot/ could not…… + 形容词或副词 + enough ”。我们不能把第 1 句理解成:“我们不能过分估算现代科学的价值。”也不能把第 2 句理解成:“我们做实验时不能太小心。” 3. It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 无论怎样聪明的人也难免要犯错误。 It is a long lane that has no turning. 无论怎样长的巷子也有弯。 注:这个句子含有比较储蓄的让步意味。我们不能把第 1 句理解成:“从不犯错误的人是一个聪明的人。”也不能把第 2 句理解成:“那是一个没弯的长巷。” 4. If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not break my word. 即使太阳从西方出来,我也不会背弃我的诺言。 Were the danger even greater (= Even if the danger were greater), I should feel compelled to go. 即使危险再大,我也觉得非去不可。 注:从形式上看上面句子中的从句像是条件状语从句,但实际上却是让步状语从句,因为其中的主句和从句在意义上形成鲜明的对照。若句子含条件状语从句,则从句表示的是条件,主句表示的是结果。下面句子中的从句就是条件状语从句: If the sun were to rise in the west, I would break my word. 如果太阳从西方出来,我就会背弃我的诺言。 Were the danger even greater, I should not go. 如果危险再大一些,我就不去了。 5. A mountain is not famous because it is high. 山出名不在高。 I don't believe that he will come tomorrow. 我相信他明天不会来。 Mary did not leave the office in order to meet Tom. 玛莉离开办公室为的是不见汤姆。 注:上面这三句话中都包含一个被转移的否定词 not . 因此不能把第 1 句理解成:“山不出名是因为高。”也很少将第 2 句转换成:“ I believe that he will not come tomorrow. ”第 3 句可以转换成:“Mary left the office in order not to meet Tom. ”也可以将其理解成:“玛莉没离开办公室是为了见到汤姆”。为了避免产生上述歧义,我们好说:“It was in order to meet Tom that Mary did not leave the office.”(玛莉没离开办公室是为了见到汤姆。)和“ It was in order not to meet Tom that Mary left the of